Working with crowds EVA Football

The gathering of information, news articals and reports to assist in planning.

“Extreme Value Analysis (EVA) is simply a method of estimating the probability of a rare event. It is perhaps best known for its application in meteorology where it is used to predict the likelihood of extreme weather conditions such as heavy rain maximum frost penetration or extreme wind conditions. The method is also used in engineering to predict the possible failure rate of a mechanical system. A wider application to crowd safety planning was used by Brian Toft (1990) in his thesis, A failure of hindsight, to support his argument that crowd related accidents should not be treated as unavoidable acts of god but more likely a failure of risk analysis.”

Mick Upton

Pyrotechnics

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-MksMtwCB0g

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hyzDCDYO5O0

With most football stadiums complying with the same regulations, the use of younger fans to smuggle pyrotechnics into the stadium without risk of being searched.

Turkish Soccer Game Gets Serious Fireworks Treatment- Live Leaks Link

Flares thrown by the supportors on to the pitch, setting fire to the advertising boards.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I7RR4DjUIzw

Although this may seem tame compared to the rest ov the videos, it is to prove a point. This is during the World Cup, where the security should be the tightest of any sporting venue and searching of the highest of standards, yet someone managed to get a flare inside. How would a stadium cope on a normal match day.

Hooligans/Ultras

Due to the nature of some of the footage shown in these links you may have to sign in to prove you are over 18 years old. Some of these scenes show violence.